Gestione delle identità e degli accessi (IAM)

La gestione delle identità e degli accessi (IAM) costituisce la base per la protezione delle risorse digitali nelle aziende moderne. Tuttavia, gli approcci tradizionali all’IAM si concentrano principalmente sulla prevenzione: impedire l’accesso agli aggressori attraverso i controlli di autenticazione e le regole di autorizzazione.

Questa mentalità incentrata sulla prevenzione crea un pericoloso punto cieco quando le credenziali vengono compromesse o gli stessi sistemi di gestione delle identità diventano bersagli. Secondo recenti indagini,le credenziali rubate rappresentano il 16% dei vettori di attacco iniziali, aggirando persino i controlli IAM più sofisticati.

La resilienza delle identitàtrasforma l’IAM da una difesa statica a una capacità dinamica in grado di rilevare, rispondere e riprendersi dagli attacchi basati sull’identità. Questa evoluzione riconosce che le violazioni si verificheranno; la domanda fondamentale diventa quindi quanto velocemente le organizzazioni siano in grado di ripristinare stati di identità affidabili e riprendere le operazioni.

What Is IAM?

IAM orchestrates the complex relationship between users, systems, and resources across an organization’s digital ecosystem. At its core, IAM manages who can access what, when, and under which conditions – creating a structured framework for digital interactions that spans cloud platforms, on-premises systems, and ambienti ibridi.

Le organizzazioni implementano l’IAM attraverso vari modelli, ciascuno adatto a diverse esigenze operative. Il controllo degli accessi basato sui ruoli (RBAC) raggruppa le autorizzazioni in base alla funzione lavorativa, semplificando l’amministrazione per un ampio numero di utenti. Il controllo degli accessi basato sugli attributi offre un controllo granulare valutando molteplici fattori quali la posizione, l’ora e il tipo di dispositivo prima di concedere l’accesso.

La resilienza delle identitàamplia queste funzionalità IAM tradizionali riconoscendo una verità fondamentale: i sistemi di identità stessi sono diventati obiettivi primari. Quando gli aggressori compromettonoActive Directory (AD) or cloud identity providers, they don’t just gain access – they control the very infrastructure that governs all other access decisions.

L’IAM opera attraverso tre pilastri fondamentali che lavorano insieme per proteggere le risorse aziendali:

• Authentication: Multi-factor authentication (MFA) and single sign-on (SSO) verify user identities through something they know, have, or are. These mechanisms create the first line of defense against unauthorized access.
• Authorization: RBAC and least-privilege principles determine what authenticated users can actually do. This layer helps prevent lateral movement and limits potential damage from compromised accounts.
• Identity lifecycle management: Automated provisioning and deprovisioning processes govern user access from onboarding through offboarding. Regular audits and access reviews maintain the integrity of these permissions over time.

Le moderne soluzioni IAM integrano diverse tecnologie per creare framework di sicurezza completi. Questi strumenti di gestione delle identità e degli accessi operano in sinergia per proteggere le risorse, garantendo al contempo la produttività degli utenti in ambienti diversi.

SSO streamlines the user experience by allowing one set of credentials to access multiple applications. This consolidation helps reduce password fatigue and decrease the likelihood of weak or reused passwords across systems. SSO also centralizes authentication logs, helping improve visibility into access patterns and potential anomalies.

MFA adds critical security layers beyond passwords. By requiring additional verification methods – from SMS codes to biometric scans – MFA helps significantly reduce the risk of credential-based attacks. Modern implementations use adaptive authentication, adjusting security requirements based on risk signals like unusual login locations or device changes.

RBAC implements least-privilege principles by assigning permissions based on job functions rather than individual users. This approach simplifies administration while helping reduce the attack surface. When employees change roles, administrators update group memberships rather than managing countless individual permissions.

Identity Governance and Administration (IGA)aiuta a mantenere la conformità e la sicurezza attraverso il monitoraggio e la reportistica continui. Le revisioni degli accessi, le campagne di certificazione e i flussi di lavoro automatizzati aiutano le organizzazioni a dimostrare la conformità normativa, identificando al contempo gli account orfani o i privilegi eccessivi prima che diventino rischi per la sicurezza.

Privileged Access Management (PAM) protects the most sensitive accounts in an organization. These solutions vault administrative credentials, enforce session monitoring, and require additional approvals for high-risk operations. PAM becomes especially critical asgli exploit rappresentano il 33% dei vettori di accesso iniziali, spesso mirati agli account privilegiati.

Pratiche IAM efficaci costituiscono la spina dorsale delle moderne strategie di sicurezza informatica, contribuendo a ridurre i rischi di accesso non autorizzato e consentendo al contempo agli utenti legittimi di lavorare in modo produttivo. Le organizzazioni devono affrontare una pressione crescente derivante da sofisticate campagne di ransomware e da rigorosi requisiti di conformità che richiedono solide capacità di gestione delle identità.

L’urgenza diventa evidente quando si esaminano i modelli di attacco:le organizzazioni scoprono in genere le violazioni dopo un tempo di permanenza mediano di 11 giorni,durante il quale gli aggressori spesso aumentano i propri privilegi e si spostano lateralmente attraverso i sistemi di identità compromessi. Pratiche IAM solide aiutano a rilevare e contenere questi movimenti prima che si verifichino danni catastrofici.

Le organizzazioni possono rafforzare la propria postura IAM attraverso diversi approcci collaudati:

• Least-privilege implementation: Grant users only the minimum access required for their roles, regularly reviewing and adjusting permissions as responsibilities change.
• Continuous monitoring: Deploy real-time analytics to detect unusual access patterns or privilege escalations that might indicate compromise.
• Regular access reviews: Conduct periodic audits to help identify and remove unnecessary permissions, dormant accounts, and orphaned access rights.
• Automated lifecycle management: Use workflow automation to provision and deprovision access based on HR systems, helping reduce manual errors and delays.

Traditional IAM focuses on prevention – keeping attackers out through strong authenticationeauthorization controls. This approach assumes the identity infrastructure itself remains trustworthy, but modern attacks expose this critical vulnerability.

Once attackers steal valid credentials or tokens, they effectively become legitimate users from the IAM system’s perspective. Nei casi di ransomware, le organizzazioni vengono a conoscenza delle violazioni tramite la notifica da parte degli aggressori nel 49% dei casi, meaning attackers operated undetected long enough to encrypt systemsedemand payment.

ADeID Entra represent the ultimate prizes for sophisticated attackers. These identity providers don’t just store user accounts; they control the authenticationeauthorization decisions for entire organizations. When attackers compromise these systems, they gain the ability to create backdoors, elevate privileges,elock out legitimate administrators – turning the organization’s own identity infrastructure against itself.

Le moderne campagneransomware campaigns have moved beyond simple encryption. Attackers now deliberately corrupt identity services to block recovery efforts. They delete backup service accounts, modify group policies to disable security tools,ealter authentication mechanisms to maintain persistence even after initial detection.

L’identificazione interna si è verificata nel 30% dei casi.

Identity resilience represents a fundamental shift in security strategy: accepting that breaches will occur and preparing to recover quickly when they do. Thisapproach creates a cyber safety net beneath traditional IAM infrastructure, ready to help catch organizations when prevention fails.

The equation for identity resilience combines three essential capabilities: Detection + Response + Recovery. Each element works together to help minimize the impact of identity-based attacks and restore normal operations rapidly.

Real-Time Threat Detection

Traditional security monitoring often relies on log analysis, but sophisticated attackers know how to operate below these detection thresholds.Identity resilience monitors the identity systemitself for unauthorized changes that might not generate typical security alerts.

These changes include subtle modifications like adding service accounts to privileged groups, altering group policy objects, or modifying authentication protocols. By focusing on the integrity of the identity infrastructure rather than just access logs, organizations can detect attacks that would otherwise remain invisible until significant damage occurs.

One-Click Identity Rollback

When attackers compromise identity systems, every minute counts. Manual recovery processes that take days or weeks give attackers time to expand their foothold and cause irreversible damage.

Identity rollbackcapabilities allow administrators to restore identity systems to known-good states rapidly. Thisincludes reverting malicious changes to user accounts, group memberships, and security policies while preserving legitimate modifications made since the last backup.

Coordinated Recovery (The Unified Approach)

Identity recoverycannot happen in isolation. Organizations must coordinate identity restoration with data recovery to avoid scenarios where clean data gets reinfected by compromised identity systems.

Thisunified approachsynchronizes the recovery of AD, cloud identity providers, and application data. Without this coordination, organizations risk restoring data into environments where attackers maintain control through compromised service accounts or hidden backdoors.

Commvault integrates data protection with identity controls to create comprehensive resilience capabilities. This approach recognizes that identity andla sicurezza dei datiare inseparable in modern IT environments.

Automation helps drive efficiency throughout the protection lifecycle. Centralized policy enforcement helps eliminate manual configuration across multiple systems while also helping reduce human error. Organizations can define protection standards once and apply them consistently acrossAD forests, Entra ID tenants, and hybrid environments.

Integration simplicity accelerates adoption for organizations already managing complex identity infrastructures. Commvault solutions work alongside existing IAM tools rather than replacing them, adding resilience capabilities without disrupting current operations. The platform scales from protecting single domain controllers to entire multi-forest AD deployments.

Identity Resilience Implementation Use Case

The following table illustrates howCommvault’s identity resilience capabilitiesintegrate into real-world security operations.

La resilienza delle identità helps close the gap between prevention and reality, giving organizations the tools to help recover when traditional IAM controls fail. The question isn’t whether your identity infrastructure will face an attack, but whether you can restore it quickly enough to maintain business operations. Richiedi una demoto see how we help protect and recover your most critical identity systems.